Reference Links

The sources below are the ones actually reached for when a concrete pipe question cannot be settled from a table. Each link was checked to resolve at the time of writing; none of these organisations is affiliated with this site, and listing them is not an endorsement in either direction.

Federal agencies

• Federal Highway Administration — Hydraulics. The starting point for culvert hydraulic design, including the Hydraulic Design Series publications. Culvert hydraulics specifically covers inlet and outlet control, entrance loss coefficients and performance curves.
• US EPA — stormwater discharges from municipal sources. The NPDES framework under which municipal separate storm sewer systems are permitted, and the home of the federal guidance on sewer system evaluation and rehabilitation.
• National Institute of Standards and Technology. The measurement and standards infrastructure underlying the test methods referenced throughout this handbook.

State agencies

• Illinois Department of Transportation. Publisher of the state standard specifications for road and bridge construction and of the list of certified plants — between them, the documents that actually govern most Illinois drainage work.
• Illinois Environmental Protection Agency. Wastewater collection and treatment permitting, pretreatment requirements for industrial discharges, and the state side of the stormwater programme.

Standards bodies

• ASTM International publishes the product and test standards indexed at list of standards — C 14, C 76, C 361, C 443, C 478, C 497, C 506, C 507, C 655, C 789, C 850, C 877, C 923, C 924, C 969, C 985, C 990 and C 1103. Standards are sold individually and by subscription.
• AASHTO Store. The corresponding AASHTO material specifications — M 86, M 170, M 178, M 198, M 199, M 206, M 207, M 242, M 259, M 273 — together with the transportation publications and training catalogue.

Professional and industry organisations

• American Society of Civil Engineers. Consensus practice for the design and construction of sanitary and storm sewers, and the professional literature behind most of the structural material here.
• American Concrete Pipe Association. The national body for concrete pipe and box culvert manufacturers, and publisher of the design data sheet series and the design, installation and technology manuals catalogued at design aids.

Documents that govern Illinois work

Three publications sit above everything on this site for a live Illinois project, and none of them is reproduced here:

• the state standard specifications for road and bridge construction;
• the standard specifications for water and sewer main construction used in Illinois, published by the underground construction sector;
• the current editions of the ASTM and AASHTO standards cited throughout.

A note on this list

Links rot, and organisations reorganise their sites without notice. Where a link here no longer reaches what it describes, go to the organisation's own index rather than trusting a cached path. The scope and limits of this handbook, including its non-affiliation with every organisation named above, are set out at about this reference.