List of Standards: Pipe Products
The table below indexes the ASTM product standards for concrete pipe with their corresponding AASHTO designations and the size ranges each covers. Standards for box sections, joints, connectors and testing are indexed separately at part two.
How to read it
Three things are worth noting before using the table.
- The AASHTO designation is the same standard. ASTM C 76 and AASHTO M 170 describe the same product; an agency specification will cite whichever series it works in, and the two are interchangeable for specification purposes.
- Size ranges are the range the standard covers, not the range a particular plant produces. Regional availability is a genuine constraint and should be confirmed before a design is fixed on an unusual size or class.
- Class subdivisions matter. Where the table lists classes separately against different size ranges — as C 76 does for Class I against Classes II to V — that is because the lighter class is only produced above a certain diameter, and specifying it below that diameter will not be met.
| Specification designation | Product | Size range |
|---|---|---|
| ASTM C 14 AASHTO M 86 | Non-Reinforced Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, and Culvert Pipe | 8" through 36" |
| ASTM C 76 AASHTO M 170 Class I Class II, III, IV & V | Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain and Sewer Pipe | 60" through 144" 12"through 144" |
| ASTM C 361 | Reinforced Concrete Low-Head Pressure Pipe | 12" through 108" |
| ASTM C 412 AASHTO M 178 | Concrete Drain Tile | 4" through 36" |
| ASTM C 443 AASHTO M 198 | Joint for Circular Concrete Sewer and Culvert Pipe, Using Rubber Gaskets | . |
| ASTM C 478 AASHTO M 199 | Precast Reinforced Concrete Manhole Sections | . |
| ASTM C 497 | Standard Methods of Testing Concrete Pipe or Tile | . |
| ASTM C 506 AASHTO M 206 Class AII AIII, AIV | Reinforced Concrete Arch, Culvert, Storm and Sewer Pipe | Equivalent Round 18"through 132" |
| ASTM C 507 AASHTO M 207 Class HE A, HE I HE II, HE III & HE IV Class VE II, VE III, VE IV, VE V & VE VI | Reinforced Concrete Elliptical Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe | Equivalent Round 18"through 144" 36" through 144" |
| ASTM C 655 AASHTO M 242 | Reinforced Concrete D-Load Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe | 12" through 144" |
Notes on individual standards
ASTM C 14 is the non-reinforced product and the correct choice at the two smallest sizes; recommended use is set out at applicable specifications and recommended use.
ASTM C 76 is the general-purpose reinforced circular pipe standard and the reference point for most of this handbook. Classes I through V correspond to defined D-loads; the class required for a given diameter and fill height is tabulated for storm sewers and for culverts.
ASTM C 361 covers low-head pressure pipe and the confined O-ring joints used with it. It appears in gravity sewer work where exceptional tightness is required, not only in pressure applications — see joints.
ASTM C 412 covers concrete drain tile in sizes from 4 in., a different product family serving subsurface agricultural and foundation drainage rather than sewer or culvert service.
ASTM C 443 is the joint standard that makes a watertight line possible with standard C 76 pipe, and is the joint assumed by the sanitary sewer leakage allowances discussed at leakage allowances.
ASTM C 478 covers precast reinforced manhole sections — risers, bases, grade rings and flat slab tops; see manholes, catch basins and inlets.
ASTM C 497 is the test standard behind the whole class system, specifying the three-edge bearing test; see testing.
ASTM C 506 and C 507 cover arch and elliptical sections respectively, tabulated by equivalent round size at Table IIB.
ASTM C 655 covers D-load pipe designed to a specific strength, with acceptance on a statistical basis, and is the route taken where the tabulated requirement exceeds standard Class V.
Obtaining the standards
ASTM standards are published and sold by ASTM International. The corresponding AASHTO material specifications are available through the AASHTO Store. State standard specifications for road and bridge construction, and the standard specifications for water and sewer main construction used in Illinois, are published by the respective bodies and are the documents that actually govern a project — see reference links.